The Polikarpov I-153 (colloquial name: Czajka) was a Soviet fighter and fighter-bomber from the interwar period and World War II in a half-wing arrangement. The flight of the prototype took place in 1938, and serial production continued in the period 1939-1943. The drive is provided by a single Szwecow M-62 engine. The length of the aircraft was 6.17 meters with a wingspan of 10 meters. The maximum speed was up to 445 km / h. The deck armament consisted of four 7.62 mm SzKAS machine guns. The machine could also carry bomb loads of up to 200 kilograms.
The Polikarpov I-153 was an evolutionary development of the I-15 fighter. The main changes compared to the predecessor concerned the use of the upper lobe in the so-called a seagull system, a manually retractable landing gear in flight, and the use of a more powerful engine. Finally, a fighter with lower aerodynamic resistance than the I-15, very good maneuverability, good piloting qualities, but an average maximum speed was created. The Polikarpov I-153 planes were used in combat during the war with Japan, especially during the Battle of Cha³chyn-Gol in 1939, as well as during the Winter War of 1939-1940. They were also used on a large scale at the beginning of the German-Soviet war, but they were quite clearly inferior to the German machines. Therefore, they began to be shifted to school and training units.
Military Air Force (in Latin, Russian: Wojenno-Wozdusznyje Si³y, abbreviated as VVS or WWS) is one of the types of Soviet armed forces that emerged shortly after the October Revolution of 1917. The intensive development of the Soviet military aviation took place from the beginning of the 1930s, when this type of military force was enlarged, but also new types of aircraft were introduced, such as I-15 or I-16 fighters or bombers such as SB-2 or DB- 3. It is worth adding that some of these types of aircraft, used during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), were not significantly inferior to their Italian or German counterparts in its initial period. However, the advent of machines like the Me-109 and He-111 changed this state of affairs. It can be assumed that the introduction of new aircraft to VVS indirectly accelerated in 1939-1941 - especially fighter machines such as the Yak-1 or the LaGG-3. However, in the initial period of the war with Germany (1941-1945), the Soviet air force suffered enormous losses. They can be explained by the shortcomings of the well-trained officer cadre (the aftermath of the Stalinist purges of the 1930s), the inferior individual training of Soviet pilots compared to their German opponents or the inferior tactics used by Soviet pilots. However, in the course of World War II, these deficiencies were to a greater or lesser extent made up for, and the Soviet air force was powered by new (good or very good) types of aircraft, to replace the entire Yakovlev family of planes: Yak-3, Yak-7 or Yak-9. The achievements of the Soviet aviation industry were also not in the parade, which from June 1941 to May 1945 produced approx. 157 thousand. machines! It is worth adding that WWS was the only air force in World War II to introduce a program to train women for airline service as fighter and bomber pilots. The effects of this program were, for example, the achievements of Lidia Litwiak or Jekaterina Butanowa.
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